Fuel injectors are complex systems of valves, pumps and fuel injectors that deliver a mixture of fuel and air into the engine. It is essential that the right amount is released so that the engine is able to perform combustion and the right rate. If not, enough fuel is injected then the engine will not be able to generate enough power to reach the desired speed. If too much fuel is injected, then the engine will flood and cease to work. For this reason, the efficiency of fuel injectors hugely effects lifespan of the engine as well as the amount of harmful carbon emissions that end up in the atmosphere.
Carburetors
Carburetors were the traditional tools used to create the right mixture of air and fuel. However, they are infamously unreliable because they cannot guarantee that each valve will inject the same amount of fuel to the engine. This is because the carburetor will be closer to some fuel injection valves than others. One solution was to use twin-carburetors, however their reliability wanes quickly because it’s almost impossible to tune and synchronize them as they age.
Most modern cars are now installed with fuel-injected engines which are more powerful, use less fuel and reduce harmful emissions.
How is fuel injected?
Usually, fuel is fired into an inlet port by an injector so that it can mix with right amount of air before being fed into the engine. Fuel injectors pressurize the fuel so that that it sprays out in a fine mist and mixes with air from the inlet manifold or port. Once mixed with air, the fuel enters the combustion chamber of the engine where it is turned into the energy needed to make the car move.
The most accurate type of fuel injectors are multi-point injectors. These are able to deliver precisely the same amount of fuel and air to the engine through each cylinder. However, these are very expensive and difficult to replace when they malfunction.
It is more common for cars to be fitted with single injectors. They are not as efficient in their delivery of equal fuel from each cylinder, but they are much cheaper and easy to replace.
What is an injector?
Injectors have nozzles that are screwed into inlet manifolds or cylinder heads. They are angled precisely so that the fuel is sprayed directly at the inlet valve.
Injectors can be one of two types: continuous injectors or pulse injectors.
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